Working principle of Flame Arresters
Flame arresters are designed to allow the flow of gases, liquids, etc. and to prevent flame transmission.
PROTEGO® Flame Arresters are composed of individual FLAMEFILTER® (flame arrester discs). Several FLAMEFILTER® plus spacers and an enclosing cage form the flame arrester.
The FLAMEFILTER® is made of wound corrugated metal strips. The principle of flame quenching in small gaps is applied in PROTEGO® end-of-line flame arresters and PROTEGO® in-line flame arresters.
When a mixture ignites in a gap between two walls, the flame spreads towards the non-combusted mixture. The expansion in volume of the combusted mixture pre-compresses the noncombusted mixture and accelerates the flame. By heat dissipation in the boundary layer “s”, transferring it to the large surface of the gap-length compared to the gap-width “D” and cooling-down the product below its ignition temperature the flame is extinguished.
The gap width and the gap length of the flame arrester disc determines its extinguishing ability.The narrower and longer the gap, the greater the extinguishing effectiveness. The wider and shorter the gap, the lower the pressure loss. The optimum solution between the two conditions is determined by experiments.
Extinguishing the flame in the narrow gap (flame quenching) by heat transfer |
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Flame arresters are subdivided into different types depending upon the combustion process and the place of installation. Our range of products covers the following:
- End-of-line Deflagration Flame Arresters (short time/endurance burning proof)
- In-line Deflagration Flame Arresters
- In-line Detonation Flame Arresters (stable/unstable detonation)
Special advantages of PROTEGO® Flame Arresters
- Modular design allows replacement of single FLAMEFILTER®
- Easy maintenance
- Low lifecycle cost
Deflagration Flame Arrester, end-of-line
In-line Flame Arrester
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Different gases have different flame propagation capacities and are therefore categorized into explosion groups corresponding to their hazard level. The yardstick for this is the MESG = Maximum Experimental Safe Gap, a characteristic number measured in the laboratory for the flame propagation ability of the product. The MESG or standard gap width is the largest gap width between the two parts of the interior chamber of a test setup which, when the internal gas mixture is ignited and under specified conditions, prevents ignition of the external gas mixture through a 25 mm long gap, for all concentrations of the tested gas or vapour in air. The MESG is a property of the respective gas mixture [EN 1127-1]. NOTE: The test setup and methods are specified in EN 60079-20-1. The most explosive composition is close to the stoichiometric mixture of the gas/vapour-air mixture.
The table shows the categorization of substances into the respective explosion group corresponding to their MESG (IEC 79-1, EN ISO 16852).
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Catalogue - Flame Arresters
1 Deflagration Flame Arresters, end-of-line and Vent Caps | ||
1.1 Deflagration Flame Arrester, end-of-line | ||
BE/AD | LH/AD | |
Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 , B / IIB , B / IIC | Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 , B / IIB , B / IIC | |
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1.2 Deflagration Flame Arrester, short time burning proof, end-of-line | ||
LH/AD-T | ||
Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 , B / IIB , B / IIC | ||
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1.3 Deflagration Flame Arrester, endurance burning proof, end-of-line | ||
BE/HR-E-IIB | EB-Z | EB |
Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 , B / IIB | Explosion Group: D / IIA | Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 , B / IIB |
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BE/HK | BE/HK-E | BE/HK-E-IIB3 |
Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 | Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 | Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 |
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BE/HR | BE/HR-E | BE/HR-E-IIB3 |
Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 | Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 | Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 |
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BE/HR-400 | LH/EB | |
Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA | Explosion Group: IIA1 | |
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1.4 Vent Caps, end-of-line, without flame arrester unit | ||
EH/0 | EH/0S | E/KS |
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2 Deflagration Flame Arresters | ||
FA-E-IIA1 | FA-E | FA-CN-IIA1 |
Explosion Group: IIA1 | Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 , B / IIB , B / IIC | Explosion Group: IIA1 |
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FA-CN-IIA & IIB3 | FA-CN-IIC | FA-G |
Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 | Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 , B / IIB , B / IIC | Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 , B / IIB , B / IIC |
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FA-G-IIA1-P2.2 | FA-I | FA-I-PTFE |
Explosion Group: IIA1 | Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 | Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA |
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FA-I-V, FA-I-P | EV/VS, EV/VD | FA-I-FC |
Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 , B / IIB , B / IIC | Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 , B / IIB , B / IIC | Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 , B / IIB , B / IIC |
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3 Detonation Flame Arresters | ||
3.1 for stable detonation | ||
BR/TS-80-IIB-P1,6 | BR/TS-80-IIB3 | DA-G |
Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 , B / IIB | Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 | Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 , B / IIB , B / IIC |
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DR/SV | DA-E | DA-SB |
Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA | Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 | Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 , B / IIB , B / IIC |
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DA-SB-PTFE | DR/ES, DN 10 - 20 | DR/ES |
Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA | Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 , B / IIB , B / IIC | Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 |
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DR/ES (series 2) | DR/ES-V | DR/ES-PTFE |
Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 | Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 | Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA |
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DR/SBW | ||
Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA | ||
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3.2 for stable detonation / for liquid detonation | ||
LDA-W | LDA-WF(W) | LDA |
Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 | Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 | Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 |
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LDA-F | EF/V-IIB3 | TS/P, TS/E & TS/W |
Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 | Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 | Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 , B / IIB , B / IIC |
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3.3 for unstable detonation | ||
DA-UB | DA-CG | DR/EU |
Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 | Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 | Explosion Group: IIA1 , D / IIA , C / IIB1 , C / IIB2 , C / IIB3 |
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